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Novaya Zemlya (, lit. ''new land''), also known, especially in Dutch, as Nova Zembla, is an archipelago in the Arctic Ocean in the North of Russia and the extreme Northeast of Europe, the easternmost point of Europe lying at Cape Flissingsky on the Northern island. Administratively, it is incorporated as Novaya Zemlya District, one of the twenty-one in Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia.〔Law #65-5-OZ〕 Municipally, it is incorporated as Novaya Zemlya Urban Okrug.〔Law #258-vneoch.-OZ〕 Its population as of the 2010 Census was 2,429, of which 1,972 resided in Belushya Guba, an urban-type settlement that is the administrative center of Novaya Zemlya District. The population in 2002 was The indigenous population (from 1872〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Новая земля - история заселения )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Новая земля в 1917—1941 гг )〕 to the 1950s when it was resettled to the mainland) consisted of about 50–300 Nenetses〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Microsoft Word - North Test Site _FINAL_.doc )〕 who subsisted mainly on fishing, trapping, reindeer herding, polar bear hunting and seal hunting.〔〔(Ядерные испытания СССР. Том 1. Глава 2 ), p. 58.〕 Novaya Zemlya consists of two major islands, separated by the narrow Matochkin Strait, and a number of smaller islands. The two main islands are Severny (Northern) and Yuzhny (Southern). Novaya Zemlya separates the Barents Sea from the Kara Sea. The total area is about . The highest mountain is located on the Northern island and is 1547 meters (5075 ft) high. Novaya Zemlya was a sensitive military area during the Cold War years and it is still used today. The Soviet Air Force maintained a presence at Rogachevo on the southern part of the island, on the westernmost peninsula (). It was used primarily for interceptor aircraft operations but also provided logistical support for the nearby nuclear test area. Novaya Zemlya was the site of one of the two major nuclear test sites managed by the USSR, used for air drops and underground testing the largest of the Soviet nuclear bombs, in particular the October 30, 1961 air burst explosion of Tsar Bomba, the largest, most powerful nuclear weapon ever detonated. ==Environment== Novaya Zemlya is an extension of the Northern part of the Ural Mountains,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Novaya Zemlya, Northern Russia )〕 and the interior is mountainous throughout.〔Novaya Zemlya in: (【引用サイトリンク】title=Encyclopaedia Britannica (11th ed.) )〕 It is separated from the mainland by the Kara Strait.〔 The mountains reach a height of .〔Russian military mapping. The highest point is located at 〕 The Northern island contains many glaciers, while the Southern one has a tundra landscape.〔Novaya Zemlya in: (【引用サイトリンク】title=The Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. )〕 Natural resources include copper, lead, and zinc.〔 The ecology of Novaya Zemlya is influenced by its severe climate, but the region nevertheless supports a diversity of biota. One of the most notable species present is the polar bear, whose population in the Barents Sea region is genetically distinct from other polar bear subpopulations.〔C. Michael Hogan (2008) (''Polar Bear: Ursus maritimus'', Globaltwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Novaya Zemlya」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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